A new species of small wild cat found in Bolivia’s cloud forest has been officially named and described for the first time in over a hundred years. Known locally as Tilcayo, this cat belongs to a group known as tiger cats found throughout South America. Researchers discovered Tilcayo in Bolivia’s Yungas forest, a mountainous area characterized by cloud-covered forests and high humidity. Measuring approximately 46 centimeters in length and weighing around three pounds, Tilcayo is smaller than the average domestic cat.
Genetic analysis confirmed the cat as a new species, named Leopardus tilcayo, while retaining its local moniker. Described as having light brown fur with irregular rosettes, little is currently known about Tilcayo’s behavior and diet. Evidence from scat samples suggests it feeds on small rodents, and camera traps indicate it may be more active during the night.
Tiger cats are considered cryptic species, making them challenging to differentiate based on appearance alone. Previous studies hinted at multiple species within the tiger cat group, contrary to the belief that they were a single species. The discovery of Tilcayo and the genetic analysis of 38 cats from various South American regions revealed five distinct tiger cat species.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently lists tiger cats as two vulnerable species with declining populations. Following the recent discovery, researchers are urging a separate assessment of each tiger cat lineage for a more accurate conservation status. This evaluation could potentially classify species like Tilcayo as endangered when considered individually.
The Yungas forest, where Tilcayo was found, faces numerous threats such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, fires, and mining activities. Conservation efforts focusing on restoring damaged forest patches, protecting native habitats, and preserving habitat connections are crucial in safeguarding these newly discovered species. Researchers emphasize the importance of raising awareness about undiscovered species and the urgent need to protect them before they vanish.
